Programming languages for synthetic biology.

In the backdrop of accelerated efforts for creating synthetic organisms, the nature and scope of an ideal programming language for scripting synthetic organism in-silico has been receiving increasing attention. A few programming languages for synthetic biology capable of defining, constructing, networking, editing and delivering genome scale models of cellular processes have been recently attempted. All these represent important points in a spectrum of possibilities. This paper introduces Kera, a state of the art programming language for synthetic biology which is arguably ahead of similar languages or tools such as GEC, Antimony and GenoCAD. Kera is a full-fledged object oriented programming language which is tempered by biopart rule library named Samhita which captures the knowledge regarding the interaction of genome components and catalytic molecules. Prominent feature of the language are demonstrated through a toy example and the road map for the future development of Kera is also presented.

Molecular phylogeny of asexual entomopathogenic fungi with special reference to Beauveria bassiana and Nomuraea rileyi

Basándose en el análisis de las secuencias de regiones parciales de los genes Beta-tubulina y ARN ribosómicosse estudió la filogenia, la taxonomía y las interrelaciones de importantes géneros de hongos entomopatógenosasexuales. Se estudio también la estructura de las especis Beauveria bassiana y Nomuraea rileyi. Seanalizó un total de 174 entradas fúngicas que representaban 94 especies. El análisis filogenético demostróque todas las especies de hongos entomopatogénicos asexuales incluidas en el estudio pertenecían a la familiaClavicipitaceae, del orden Hypocreales de los Ascomycota. Se observaron diferentes linajes dentro deB. bassiana, lo que demostró la complejidad de dicha especie. Algunos de los aislamientos de dicha especiedemostraron estar filogenéticamente más separados que determinados géneros morfológicos. Dentro de laespecie N. rileyi se pudo observar también la presencia de especiación críptica. Se concluye que los hongosasexuales entomopatogénicos han evolucionado de un linaje simple dentro de la familia Clavicipitaceae(AU)

The phylogenetic lineage, taxonomic affiliation and interrelationships of important asexualentomopathogenic fungal genera were studied using the sequences of partial regions of Beta-tubulin andrRNA genes. The species structures of Beauveria bassiana and Nomuraea rileyi were also investigated. Atotal of 147 fungal entries covering 94 species were analysed. Phylogenetic analysis placed all the asexualentomopathogenic fungal species analysed, in the family Clavicipitaceae of the order Hypocreales ofAscomycota. Deep phylogenetic lineages were observed in B. bassiana iterating the complex nature of thisspecies. Some of the isolates assigned to this species separated out more distinctly than morphologicallydistinguishable genera. Cryptic speciation was also evident in N. rileyi. It is concluded that the asexualfungi with entomopathogenic habit arose from a single lineage in sexual Clavicipitaceae(AU)